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Advances in Urinary Proteome Analysis and Biomarker Discovery

Danilo Fliser^*, Jan Novak, Visith Thongboonkerd, Àngel Argilés, Vera Jankowski^||, Mark A. Girolami^¶, Joachim Jankowski^|| and Harald Mischak^**

^* Medical School Hannover, Hannover, Germany; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Faculty of Medicine at Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Nephrology, University Hospital, Néphrologie et Dialyse St Guilhem and SAS RD, Néphrologie, Montpellier, France; ^|| Nephrology Department, Charité Hospital, Berlin, Germany; ^¶ Department of Computing Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland; and ^** Mosaiques-Diagnostics and Therapeutics AG, Hannover, Germany

Address correspondence to: Dr. Harald Mischak, Mosaiques Diagnostics & Therapeutics AG, Mellendorfer Strasse 7-9, D-30625 Hannover, Germany. Phone: +49-511-554744-13; Fax: +49-511-554744-31; E-mail: mischak{at}mosaiques-diagnostics.com

Noninvasive diagnosis of kidney diseases and assessment of the prognosis are still challenges in clinical nephrology. Definition of biomarkers on the basis of proteome analysis, especially of the urine, has advanced recently and may provide new tools to solve those challenges. This article highlights the most promising technological approaches toward deciphering the human proteome and applications of the knowledge in clinical nephrology, with emphasis on the urinary proteome. The data in the current literature indicate that although a thorough investigation of the entire urinary proteome is still a distant goal, clinical applications are already available. Progress in the analysis of human proteome in health and disease will depend more on the standardization of data and availability of suitable bioinformatics and software solutions than on new technological advances. It is predicted that proteomics will play an important role in clinical nephrology in the very near future and that this progress will require interactive dialogue and collaboration between clinicians and analytical specialists.

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Copyright © 2008 by the American Society of Nephrology. Online ISSN: 1533-3450 Print ISSN: 1046-6673