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J Am Soc Nephrol 15:1093-1095, 2004
© 2004 American Society of Nephrology

SPECIAL COMMENTARY

Peter Agre, 2003 Nobel Prize Winner in Chemistry

Mark A. Knepper* and Soren Nielsen{dagger}

National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and {dagger}Water and Salt Research Center, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark.

Correspondence to Dr. Mark A. Knepper, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 10, Room 6N260, 10 Center Dr MSC 1603, Bethesda, MD 20892-1603. Phone: 301-496-3064; Fax 301-402-1443; E-mail: knep{at}helix.nih.gov

Abstract

ABSTRACT. Peter C. Agre, an American Society of Nephrology member, is the recipient of the 2003 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his discovery of the aquaporin water channels. The function of many cells requires that water move rapidly into and out of them. There was only indirect evidence that proteinaceous channels provide this vital activity until Agre and colleagues purified aquaporin-1 from human erythrocytes and reported its cDNA sequence. They proved that aquaporin-1 is a specific water channel by cRNA expression studies in Xenopus oocytes and by functional reconstitution of transport activity in liposomes after the incorporation of the purified protein. These findings sparked a veritable explosion of work that affects several long-standing areas of investigation such as the biophysics of water permeation across cell membranes, the structural biology of integral membrane proteins, the physiology of fluid transport in the kidney and other organs, and the pathophysiological basis of inherited and acquired disorders of water balance. Agre’s discovery of the first water channel has spurred a revolution in animal and plant physiology and in medicine.




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