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Absence of Association between Organic Solvent Exposure and Risk of Chronic Renal Failure: A Nationwide Population-Based Case-Control Study

C. Michael Fored^*, Gun Nise, Elisabeth Ejerblad, Jon P. Fryzek, Per Lindblad, Joseph K. McLaughlin, Carl-Gustaf Elinder^* and Olof Nyrén

*Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, and Department of Renal Medicine, Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Occupational Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medical Epidemiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and The International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, Maryland, and Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee

Correspondence to Dr. C. Michael Fored, Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, P.O. Box 281, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden. Phone: +46-8-517-791-81; Fax: +46-8-517-793-04;

ABSTRACT. Exposure to organic solvents has been suggested to cause or exacerbate renal disease, but methodologic concerns regarding previous studies preclude firm conclusions. We examined the role of organic solvents in a population-based case-control study of early-stage chronic renal failure (CRF). All native Swedish residents aged 18 to 74 yr, living in Sweden between May 1996 and May 1998, formed the source population. Incident cases of CRF in a pre-uremic stage (n = 926) and control subjects (n = 998), randomly selected from the study base, underwent personal interviews that included a detailed occupational history. Expert rating by a certified occupational hygienist was used to assess organic solvent exposure intensity and duration. Relative risks were estimated by odds ratios (OR) in logistic regression models, with adjustment for potentially important covariates. The overall risk for CRF among subjects ever exposed to organic solvents was virtually identical to that among never-exposed (OR, 1.01; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.81 to 1.25). No dose-response relationships were observed for lifetime cumulative solvent exposure, average dose, or exposure frequency or duration. The absence of association pertained to all subgroups of CRF: glomerulonephritis (OR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.68 to 1.34), diabetic nephropathy (OR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.74 to 1.41), renal vascular disease (OR, 1.16; 95% CI, 0.76 to 1.75), and other renal CRF (OR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.66 to 1.27). The results from a nationwide, population-based study do not support the hypothesis of an adverse effect of organic solvents on CRF development, in general. Detrimental effects from subclasses of solvents or on specific renal diseases cannot be ruled out. E-mail: Michael.Fored@medks.ki.se

This article has been cited by other articles:

				S. Jacob, M. Hery, J.-C. Protois, J. Rossert, and B. Stengel Effect of Organic Solvent Exposure on Chronic Kidney Disease Progression: The GN-PROGRESS Cohort Study J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., January 1, 2007; 18(1): 274 - 281. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Copyright © 2008 by the American Society of Nephrology. Online ISSN: 1533-3450 Print ISSN: 1046-6673