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Intake of Vitamins B6 and C and the Risk of Kidney Stones in Women

GARY C. CURHAN^*,,||,¶, WALTER C. WILLETT^*,,,¶, FRANK E. SPEIZER^*,,§,¶ and MEIR J. STAMPFER^*,,,¶

^* Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Womens' Hospital
Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health Boston, Massachusetts.
Department of Epidemiology Harvard School of Public Health Boston, Massachusetts.
^§ Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health Boston, Massachusetts.
^|| Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, Massachusetts.
^¶ Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.

Correspondence to Dr. Gary C. Curhan, Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115. Phone: 617-525-2683; Fax: 617-525-2008; E-mail: gary.curhan{at}channing.harvard.edu

Abstract. Urinary oxalate is an important determinant of calcium oxalate kidney stone formation. High doses of vitamin B6 may decrease oxalate production, whereas vitamin C can be metabolized to oxalate. This study was conducted to examine the association between the intakes of vitamins B6 and C and risk of kidney stone formation in women. The relation between the intake of vitamins B6 and C and the risk of symptomatic kidney stones were prospectively studied in a cohort of 85,557 women with no history of kidney stones. Semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaires were used to assess vitamin consumption from both foods and supplements. A total of 1078 incident cases of kidney stones was documented during the 14-yr follow-up period. A high intake of vitamin B6 was inversely associated with risk of stone formation. After adjusting for other dietary factors, the relative risk of incident stone formation for women in the highest category of B6 intake (40 mg/d) compared with the lowest category (<3 mg/d) was 0.66 (95% confidence interval, 0.44 to 0.98). In contrast, vitamin C intake was not associated with risk. The multivariate relative risk for women in the highest category of vitamin C intake (1500 mg/d) compared with the lowest category (<250 mg/d) was 1.06 (95% confidence interval, 0.69 to 1.64). Large doses of vitamin B6 may reduce the risk of kidney stone formation in women. Routine restriction of vitamin C to prevent stone formation appears unwarranted.

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Copyright © 2008 by the American Society of Nephrology. Online ISSN: 1533-3450 Print ISSN: 1046-6673