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Mediates Crescent Formation and Cell-Mediated Immune Injury in Murine Glomerulonephritis
Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University, Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
Correspondence to Dr. A. Richard Kitching, Monash University Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton 3168, Victoria, Australia. Phone: 61 3 9550 5543; Fax: 61 3 9550 5524; E-mail: richard.kitching{at}med.monash.edu.au
Abstract. Features of crescentic glomerulonephritis suggest that
it results from a T helper 1 (Th1) nephritogenic immune response.
Interferon-
(IFN-
), produced by Th1 cells, is involved in T
cell-directed macrophage activation in effector Th1 responses. The hypothesis
that endogenous IFN-
contributes to the development of crescentic
glomerulonephritis was tested by comparing the development of
glomerulonephritis (induced by a planted antigen) and immune responses in
normal C57BL/6 mice (IFN-
+/+) and in mice genetically deficient in
IFN-
(IFN-
-/-). Ten days after the initiation of
glomerulonephritis, IFN-
-/- mice developed fewer glomerular crescents
(5 ± 1% versus 26 ± 3%, P < 0.005), less
severe glomerular injury, and less renal impairment. Effectors of delayed-type
hypersensitivity (CD4+ T cells, macrophages, and fibrin) in glomeruli were
reduced in IFN-
-/- mice. Skin delayed-type hypersensitivity to sheep
globulin was reduced. Total antigen-specific Ig and splenocyte interleukin-2
production were unchanged, but antigen-specific serum IgG2a was reduced.
Markers of an antigen-specific Th2 response (serum IgG1, splenocyte
interleukin-4) were unchanged. Studies 22 d after the initiation of
glomerulonephritis showed that IFN-
-/- mice still had fewer crescents
(11 ± 2% versus 22 ± 3%, P = 0.02) and
glomerular CD4+ T cells and macrophages than IFN-
+/+ mice. These
studies demonstrate that endogenous IFN-
mediates crescentic
glomerulonephritis by promoting cell-mediated immune injury. They support the
hypothesis that crescentic glomerulonephritis is a manifestation of a Th1
nephritogenic immune response.
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