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Effects of Hemodialyzer Reuse on Clearances of Urea and ß₂-Microglobulin

ALFRED K. CHEUNG^*, LAWRENCE Y. AGODOA, JOHN T. DAUGIRDAS, THOMAS A. DEPNER^§, FRANK A. GOTCH^||, TOM GREENE^¶, NATHAN W. LEVIN^#, JOHN K. LEYPOLDT^* and THE HEMODIALYSIS (HEMO) STUDY GROUP^,**

^* University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois.
^§ University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California.
^|| Davies Medical Center, San Francisco, California.
^¶ Data Coordinating Center, Cleveland, Ohio.
^# Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, New York.
^** National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.

Correspondence to Dr. Gerald J. Beck, HEMO Study Data Coordinating Center, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Wb4, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44195. Phone: 216-444-9927; Fax: 216-445-2781; E-mail: gbeck{at}bio.ri.ccf.org

Abstract. Although dialyzer reuse in chronic hemodialysis patients is commonly practiced in the United States, performance of reused dialyzers has not been extensively and critically evaluated. The present study analyzes data extracted from a multicenter clinical trial (the HEMO Study) and examines the effect of reuse on urea and ß₂-microglobulin (ß₂M) clearance by low-flux and high-flux dialyzers reprocessed with various germicides. The dialyzers evaluated contained either modified cellulosic or polysulfone membranes, whereas the germicides examined included peroxyacetic acid/acetic acid/hydrogen peroxide combination (Renalin®), bleach in conjunction with formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde or Renalin, and heated citric acid. Clearance of ß₂M decreased, remained unchanged, or increased substantially with reuse, depending on both the membrane material and the reprocessing technique. In contrast, urea clearance decreased only slightly (approximately 1 to 2% per 10 reuses), albeit statistically significantly with reuse, regardless of the porosity of the membrane and reprocessing method. Inasmuch as patient survival in the chronic hemodialysis population is influenced by clearances of small solutes and middle molecules, precise knowledge of the membrane material and reprocessing technique is important for the prescription of hemodialysis in centers practicing reuse.

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